《春秋》记录了从鲁隐公元年(前年)到鲁哀公十四年(前年)共年的大事。现存版本为周朝时期鲁国的国史,由孔子修订而成。它是中国现存最早的一部编年体史书。
汉英双译:
上古时期,春季和秋季是诸侯朝聘王室的时节,朝廷大事亦多在此两季举行,因此“春秋”是古代记事史书的通称。墨子所谓“百国春秋”,俱已不传。传之唯《鲁春秋》,《春秋》遂成其专名,即《春秋经》。传统上认为《春秋》是孔子的作品,最早《孟子·滕文公下》载:“世衰道微,邪说暴行有作,臣弑其君者有之,子弑其父者有之。孔子惧,作《春秋》。”持此说法者虽众,存疑者亦众,亦有人认为是鲁国史官的集体作品,唐代史家刘知几首先对孔子修《春秋》存疑,孙觉《春秋经解·周麟之跋》、陆佃《陶山集·卷十二答崔子方书》都有此疑问。石韫玉《独学庐初稿·春秋论》:“《春秋》者,鲁史之旧文也。《春秋》总十二公之事,历二百四十年之久,秉笔而书者必更数十人。此数十人者,家自为师,人自为学,则其书法,岂能尽同?”《左传》虽言《春秋》是圣人所修,但其旨亦赞其文笔。《春秋》作者或未有定论,但孔子与《春秋》的紧密联系,却无可争辩。
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